Your Baby Can Read - 1679 Words

Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs Raymond Mattison PSYCH 600 September 22nd, 2014 Debbra Jennings Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs For as long as human records show, there has been the stereotypical ‘Snake Oil Salesman’. These stereotypical parts of society thrive off of the ignorance of the masses in order to sell an item or theory that may seem as though is works but in reality doesn’t. Examples of these include an early 1900’s method of weight control in which people bought pills containing tape worms and were told to take one pill to start losing weight and then take an anti-parasitic pill that would hopefully kill the tapeworm (Winterman, 2013).†¦show more content†¦While in utero, a child starts to develop its auditory senses. This is supported by the findings that show fetuses responding to sounds that they heard in utero after birth (Feldman, Jankowski Rose, 2003). While this may be viewed as a good basis to teach reading to infants, it does not provide a wide enough basis to actually comprehend complex linguistics. Memory and attention is another section of cognition that is necessary in order to comprehend reading. The research in infancy recognition of visual stimuli has recently had a lot of attention. One such experiment compared infant’s abilities to immediately recognize objects they have been familiarized with. The results showed that the older the child, the less time it took to establish recognition that was combined with reduced recognition time (Feldman, Jankowski Rose, 2003). This study shows that an infant develops visual recognition through time, that their brain needs time to mature into the ability to be able to establish permanent recognition. Tied in with visual recognition, object permanence is absolutely needed in reading. Object permanence is the ability of a person to form a mental model of an item. An example of this is that when you ask someone what a chair looks like, an immediate image of a small platform of an appropriate size to sit on with support legs to keep itShow MoreRelatedMy Ad For An Anti Smoking Campaign894 Words   |  4 PagesMy ad for an anti smoking campaign shows a picture of a baby smoking a cigarette as half the baby s face is decaying. To the right of this image there is text that states, I smoke second hand. Right below that in smaller text is a warning that reads, Warning: may kill your baby. After closely analyzing this image I found that the argument for this advertisement is: Smoking not only effects you but the people around you too. This ad is very effective due the fact that the distinctive featureRead MoreEssay about Analyzing Karp ´s Happiest Baby on the Block941 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction There is no greater feeling a new mother can have than a smiling baby. 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Contrary to women, a man begins producing sperm at puberty, which gradually decreases along with age. During the actual conception, over 200 million sperms head towards the egg and try to break through. One is successful, theRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1424 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant role in my life, they helped me get through some tough times. The books that I read while I was in high school helped me to find courage, to find faith, to find myself, and to understand love. I read most of these books while I was in high school as a part of my summer reading projects. At that moment, I did not know how important each book was going to be to me. One of the first books that I read that summer was My Sister’s Keeper. Jodi Picoult wrote the story of young girl named AnnaRead MoreThe Infant And Toddler Is Very Important For Early Development1125 Words   |  5 Pagesentire book. An infant won’t be able to fully comprehend what is being read. Infants may want to hold the book and chew on it or try turning pages themselves. All of these actions are appropriate and help your child become well-known with books and how to handle them. Reading out loud to your baby is an ac activity that can enhance their vocabulary among other skills. General Information: On Wednesday, October 5th, I read to an infant during my placement time at the Cortland Child Care CenterRead MoreThe Best Things About Earning A Passive Income1085 Words   |  5 Pagesor knowledge glass ceiling when it comes to doing so. It does not matter if you are a PHD student, a doctor with 20 years of experience, or a person who did not finish high school, anybody can earn a passive income. 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The Subtle Knife Chapter Thirteen Free Essays

string(17) " long way to go\." Chapter Thirteen Aesahaettr As the moon rose, the witches began their spell to heal Will’s wound. They woke him and asked him to lie the knife on the ground where it caught a glitter of starlight. Lyra sat nearby stirring some herbs in a pot of boiling water over a fire, and while her companions clapped and stamped and cried in rhythm, Serafina crouched over the knife and sang in a high, fierce tone: â€Å"Little knife! They tore your iron out of Mother Earth’s entrails, built a fire and boiled the ore, made it weep and bleed and flood, hammered it and tempered it, plunging it in icy water, heating it inside the forge till your blade was blood-red, scorching! Then they made you wound the water once again, and yet again, till the steam was boiling fog and the water cried for mercy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtle Knife Chapter Thirteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now And when you sliced a single shade into thirty thousand shadows, then they knew that you were ready, then they called you subtle one. But little knife, what have you done? Unlocked blood-gates, left them wide! Little knife, your mother calls you, from the entrails of the earth, from her deepest mines and caverns, from her secret iron womb. Listen!† And Serafina stamped again and clapped her hands with the other witches, and they shook their throats to make a wild ululation that tore at the air like claws. Will, seated in the middle of them, felt a chill at the core of his spine. Then Serafina Pekkala turned to Will himself, and took his wounded hand in both of hers. When she sang this time, he nearly flinched, so fierce was her high, clear voice, so glittering her eyes; but he sat without moving, and let the spell go on. â€Å"Blood! Obey me! Turn around, be a lake and not a river. When you reach the open air, stop! And build a clotted wall, build it firm to hold the flood back. Blood, your sky is the skull-dome, your sun is the open eye, your wind the breath inside the lungs, blood, your world is bounded. Stay there!† Will thought he could feel all the atoms of his body responding to her command, and he joined in, urging his leaking blood to listen and obey. She put his hand down and turned to the little iron pot over the fire. A bitter steam was rising from it, and Will heard the liquid bubbling fiercely. Serafina sang: â€Å"Oak bark, spider silk, ground moss, saltweed – grip close, bind tight, hold fast, close up, bar the door, lock the gate, stiffen the blood-wall, dry the gore-flood.† Then the witch took her own knife and split an alder sapling along its whole length. The wounded whiteness gleamed open in the moon. She daubed some of the steaming liquid into the split, then closed up the wood, easing it together from the root to the tip. And the sapling was whole again. Will heard Lyra gasp, and turned to see another witch holding a squirming, struggling hare in her tough hands. The animal was panting, wild-eyed, kicking furiously, but the witch’s hands were merciless. In one she held its forelegs and with the other she grasped its hind legs and pulled the frenzied hare out straight, its heaving belly upward. Serafina’s knife swept across it. Will felt himself grow dizzy, and Lyra was restraining Pantalaimon, hare-formed himself in sympathy, who was bucking and snapping in her arms. The real hare fell still, eyes bulging, breast heaving, entrails glistening. But Serafina took some more of the decoction and trickled it into the gaping wound, and then closed up the wound with her fingers, smoothing the wet fur over it until there was no wound at all. The witch holding the animal relaxed her grip and let it gently to the ground, where it shook itself, turned to lick its flank, flicked its ears, and nibbled a blade of grass as if it were completely alone. Suddenly it seemed to become aware of the circle of witches around it, and like an arrow it shot away, whole again, bounding swiftly off into the dark. Lyra, soothing Pantalaimon, glanced at Will and saw that he knew what it meant: the medicine was ready. He held out his hand, and as Serafina daubed the steaming mixture on the bleeding stumps of his fingers he looked away and breathed in sharply several times, but he didn’t flinch. Once his open flesh was thoroughly soaked, the witch pressed some of the sodden herbs onto the wounds and tied them tight around with a strip of silk. And that was it; the spell was done. Will slept deeply through the rest of the night. It was cold, but the witches piled leaves over him, and Lyra slept huddled close behind his back. In the morning Serafina dressed his wound again, and he tried to see from her expression whether it was healing, but her face was calm and impassive. Once they’d eaten, Serafina told the children that the witches had agreed that since they’d come into this world to find Lyra and be her guardians, they’d help Lyra do what she now knew her task to be: namely, to guide Will to his father. So they all set off; and it was quiet going for the most part. Lyra consulted the alethiometer to begin with, but warily, and learned that they should travel in the direction of the distant mountains they could see across the great bay. Never having been this high above the city, they weren’t aware of how the coastline curved, and the mountains had been below the horizon; but now when the trees thinned, or when a slope fell away below them, they could look out to the empty blue sea and to the high blue mountains beyond, which were their destination. It seemed a long way to go. You read "The Subtle Knife Chapter Thirteen" in category "Essay examples" They spoke little. Lyra was busy looking at all the life in the forest, from woodpeckers to squirrels to little green moss snakes with diamonds down their backs, and Will needed all his energy simply to keep going. Lyra and Pantalaimon discussed him endlessly. â€Å"We could look at the alethiometer,† Pantalaimon said at one point when they’d dawdled on the path to see how close they could get to a browsing fawn before it saw them. â€Å"We never promised not to. And we could find out all kinds of things for him. We’d be doing it for him, not for us.† â€Å"Don’t be stupid,† Lyra said. â€Å"It would be us we’d be doing it for, ’cause he’d never ask. You’re just greedy and nosy, Pan.† â€Å"That makes a change. It’s normally you who’s greedy and nosy, and me who has to warn you not to do things. Like in the retiring room at Jordan. I never wanted to go in there.† â€Å"If we hadn’t, Pan, d’you think all this would have happened?† â€Å"No. ‘Cause the Master would have poisoned Lord Asriel, and that would’ve been the end of it.† â€Å"Yeah, I suppose†¦ Who d’you think Will’s father is, though? And why’s he important?† â€Å"That’s what I mean! We could find out in a moment!† And she looked wistful. â€Å"I might have done once,† she said, â€Å"but I’m changing, I think, Pan.† â€Å"No you’re not.† â€Å"You might not be†¦ Hey, Pan, when I change, you’ll stop changing. What’re you going to be?† â€Å"A flea, I hope.† â€Å"No, but don’t you get any feelings about what you might be?† â€Å"No. I don’t want to, either.† â€Å"You’re sulking because I won’t do what you want.† He changed into a pig and grunted and squealed and snorted till she laughed at him, and then he changed into a squirrel and darted through the branches beside her. â€Å"Who do you think his father is?† Pantalaimon said. â€Å"D’you think he could be anyone we met?† â€Å"Could be. But he’s bound to be someone important, almost as important as Lord Asriel. Bound to be. We know what we’re doing is important, after all.† â€Å"We don’t know it,† Pantalaimon pointed out. â€Å"We think it is, but we don’t know. We just decided to look for Dust because Roger died.† â€Å"We know it’s important!† Lyra said hotly, and she even stamped her foot. â€Å"And so do the witches. They come all this way to look for us just to be my guardians and help me! And we got to help Will find his father. That’s important. You know it is, too, else you wouldn’t have licked him when he was wounded. Why’d you do that, anyway? You never asked me if you could. I couldn’t believe it when you did that.† â€Å"I did it because he didn’t have a daemon, and he needed one. And if you were half as good at seeing things as you think you are, you’d’ve known that.† â€Å"I did know it, really,† she said. They stopped then, because they had caught up with Will, who was sitting on a rock beside the path. Pantalaimon became a flycatcher, and as he flew among the branches, Lyra said, â€Å"Will, what d’you think those kids’ll do now?† â€Å"They won’t be following us. They were too frightened of the witches. Maybe they’ll just go back to drifting about.† â€Å"Yeah, probably. They might want to use the knife, though. They might come after us for that.† â€Å"Let them. They’re not having it, not now. I didn’t want it at first. But if it can kill the Specters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I never trusted Angelica, not from the beginning,† Lyra said virtuously. â€Å"Yes, you did,† he said. â€Å"Yeah. I did, really†¦ I hated it in the end, that city.† â€Å"I thought it was heaven when I first found it. I couldn’t imagine anything better than that. And all the time it was full of Specters, and we never knew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Well, I won’t trust kids again,† said Lyra. â€Å"I thought back at Bolvangar that whatever grownups did, however bad it was, kids were different. They wouldn’t do cruel things like that. But I en’t sure now. I never seen kids like that before, and that’s a fact.† â€Å"I have,† said Will. â€Å"When? In your world?† â€Å"Yeah,† he said, awkwardly. Lyra waited and sat still, and presently he went on. â€Å"It was when my mother was having one of her bad times. She and me, we lived on our own, see, because obviously my father wasn’t there. And every so often she’d start thinking things that weren’t true. And having to do things that didn’t make sense – not to me, anyway. I mean she had to do them or else she’d get upset and afraid, and so I used to help her. Like touching all the railings in the park, or counting the leaves on a bush – that kind of thing. She used to get better after a while. But I was afraid of anyone finding out she was like that, because I thought they’d take her away, so I used to look after her and hide it. I never told anyone.† â€Å"And once she got afraid when I wasn’t there to help her. I was at school. And she went out and she wasn’t wearing very much, only she didn’t know. And some boys from my school, they found her, and they started†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Will’s face was hot. Without being able to help it he found himself walking up and down and looking away from Lyra because his voice was unsteady and his eyes were watering. He went on: â€Å"They were tormenting her just like those kids at the tower with the cat†¦ They thought she was mad and they wanted to hurt her, maybe kill her, I wouldn’t be surprised. She was just different and they hated her. Anyway, I found her and I got her home. And the next day in school I fought the boy who was leading them. I fought him and I broke his arm and I think I broke some of his teeth – I don’t know. And I was going to fight the rest of them, too, but I got in trouble and I realized I better stop because they’d find out – I mean the teachers and the authorities. They’d go to my mother and complain about me, and then they’d find out about how she was and take her away. So I just pretended to be sorry and told the teachers I wouldnâ₠¬â„¢t do it again, and they punished me for fighting and I still said nothing. But I kept her safe, see. No one knew apart from those boys, and they knew what I’d do if they said anything; they knew I’d kill them another time. Not just hurt them. And a bit later she got better again. No one knew, ever.† â€Å"But after that I never trusted children any more than grownups. They’re just as keen to do bad things. So I wasn’t surprised when those kids in Ci’gazze did that.† â€Å"But I was glad when the witches came.† He sat down again with his back to Lyra and, still not looking at her, he wiped his hand across his eyes. She pretended not to see. â€Å"Will,† she said, â€Å"what you said about your mother†¦ and Tullio, when the Specters got him†¦ and when you said yesterday that you thought the Specters came from your world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes. Because it doesn’t make sense, what was happening to her. She wasn’t mad. Those kids might think she was mad and laugh at her and try to hurt her, but they were wrong; she wasn’t mad. Except that she was afraid of things I couldn’t see. And she had to do things that looked crazy; you couldn’t see the point of them, but obviously she could. Like her counting all the leaves, or Tullio yesterday touching the stones in the wall. Maybe that was a way of trying to put the Specters off. If they turned their back on something frightening behind them and tried to get really interested in the stones and how they fit together, or the leaves on the bush, like if only they could make themselves find that really important, they’d be safe. I don’t know. It looks like that. There were real things for her to be frightened of, like those men who came and robbed us, but there was something else as well as them. So maybe we do have the Specter s in my world, only we can’t see them and we haven’t got a name for them, but they’re there, and they keep trying to attack my mother. So that’s why I was glad yesterday when the alethiometer said she was all right.† He was breathing fast, and his right hand was gripping the handle of the knife in its sheath. Lyra said nothing, and Pantalaimon kept very still. â€Å"When did you know you had to look for your father?† she said after a while. â€Å"A long time ago,† he told her. â€Å"I used to pretend he was a prisoner and I’d help him escape. I had long games by myself doing that; it used to go on for days. Or else he was on this desert island and I’d sail there and bring him home. And he’d know exactly what to do about everything – about my mother, especially – and she’d get better and he’d look after her and me and I could just go to school and have friends and I’d have a mother and a father, too. So I always said to myself that when I grew up I’d go and look for my father†¦ And my mother used to tell me that I was going to take up my father’s mantle. She used to say that to make me feel good. I didn’t know what it meant, but it sounded important.† â€Å"Didn’t you have friends?† â€Å"How could I have friends?† he said, simply puzzled. â€Å"Friends†¦ They come to your house and they know your parents and†¦ Sometimes a boy might ask me around to his house, and I might go or I might not, but I could never ask him back. So I never had friends, really. I would have liked†¦ I had my cat,† he went on. â€Å"I hope she’s all right now. I hope someone’s looking after her.† â€Å"What about the man you killed?† Lyra said, her heart beating hard. â€Å"Who was he?† â€Å"I don’t know. If I killed him, I don’t care. He deserved it. There were two of them. They kept coming to the house and pestering my mother till she was afraid again, and worse than ever. They wanted to know all about my father, and they wouldn’t leave her alone. I’m not sure if they were police or what. I thought at first they were part of a gang or something, and they thought my father had robbed a bank, maybe, and hidden the money. But they didn’t want money; they wanted papers. They wanted some letters that my father had sent. They broke into the house one day, and then I saw it would be safer if my mother was somewhere else. See, I couldn’t go to the police and ask them for help, because they’d take my mother away. I didn’t know what to do.† â€Å"So in the end I asked this old lady who used to teach me the piano. She was the only person I could think of. I asked her if my mother could stay with her, and I took her there. I think she’ll look after her all right. Anyway, I went back to the house to look for these letters, because I knew where she kept them, and I got them, and the men came to look and broke into the house again. It was nighttime, or early morning. And I was hiding at the top of the stairs and Moxie – my cat, Moxie – she came out of the bedroom. And I didn’t see her, nor did the man, and when I knocked into him she tripped him up, and he fell right to the bottom of the stairs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And I ran away. That’s all that happened. So I didn’t mean to kill him, but I don’t care if I did. I ran away and went to Oxford and then I found that window. And that only happened because I saw the other cat and stopped to watch her, and she found the window first. If I hadn’t seen her†¦ or if Moxie hadn’t come out of the bedroom then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah,† said Lyra, â€Å"that was lucky. And me and Pan were thinking just now, what if I’d never gone into the wardrobe in the retiring room at Jordan and seen the Master put poison in the wine? None of this would have happened either.† Both of them sat silent on the moss-covered rock in the slant of sunlight through the old pines and thought how many tiny chances had conspired to bring them to this place. Each of those chances might have gone a different way. Perhaps in another world, another Will had not seen the window in Sunderland Avenue, and had wandered on tired and lost toward the Midlands until he was caught. And in another world another Pantalaimon had persuaded another Lyra not to stay in the retiring room, and another Lord Asriel had been poisoned, and another Roger had survived to play with that Lyra forever on the roofs and in the alleys of another unchanging Oxford. Presently Will was strong enough to go on, and they moved together along the path, with the great forest quiet around them. They traveled on through the day, resting, moving, resting again, as the trees grew thinner and the land more rocky. Lyra checked the alethiometer: Keep going, it said; this is the right direction. At noon they came to a village untroubled by Specters. Goats pastured on the hillside, a grove of lemon trees cast shade on the stony ground, and children playing in the stream called out and ran for their mothers at the sight of the girl in the tattered clothing, and the white-faced, fierce-eyed boy in the bloodstained shirt, and the elegant greyhound that walked beside them. The grownups were wary but willing to sell some bread and cheese and fruit for one of Lyra’s gold coins. The witches kept out of the way, though both children knew they’d be there in a second if any danger threatened. After another round of Lyra’s bargaining, one old woman sold them two flasks of goatskin and a fine linen shirt, and Will renounced his filthy T-shirt with relief, washing himself in the icy stream and lying to dry in the hot sun afterward. Refreshed, they moved on. The land was harsher now; for shade they had to rest in the shadow of rocks, not under wide-spreading trees, and the ground underfoot was hot through the soles of their shoes. The sun pounded at their eyes. They moved more and more slowly as they climbed, and when the sun touched the mountain rims and they saw a little valley open below them, they decided to go no farther. They scrambled down the slope, nearly losing their footing more than once, and then had to shove their way through thickets of dwarf rhododendrons whose dark glossy leaves and crimson flower clusters were heavy with the hum of bees. They came out in the evening shade on a wild meadow bordering a stream. The grass was knee-high and thick with cornflowers, gentians, cinquefoil. Will drank deeply in the stream and then lay down. He couldn’t stay awake, and he couldn’t sleep, either; his head was spinning, a daze of strangeness hung over everything, and his hand was sore and throbbing. And what was worse, it had begun to bleed again. When Serafina looked at it, she put more herbs on the wound, and tied the silk tighter than ever, but this time her face was troubled. He didn’t want to question her, for what would be the point? It was plain to him that the spell hadn’t worked, and he could see she knew it too. As darkness fell, he heard Lyra come to lie down close by, and presently he heard a soft purring. Her daemon, cat-formed, was dozing with folded paws only a foot or two away from him, and Will whispered, â€Å"Pantalaimon?† The daemon’s eyes opened. Lyra didn’t stir. Pantalaimon whispered, â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Pan, am I going to die?† â€Å"The witches won’t let you die. Nor will Lyra.† â€Å"But the spell didn’t work. I keep losing blood. I can’t have much left to lose. And it’s bleeding again, and it won’t stop. I’m frightened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Lyra doesn’t think you are.† â€Å"Doesn’t she?† â€Å"She thinks you’re the bravest fighter she ever saw, as brave as Iorek Byrnison.† â€Å"I suppose I better try not to seem frightened, then,† Will said. He was quiet for a minute or so, and then he said, â€Å"I think Lyra’s braver than me. I think she’s the best friend I ever had.† â€Å"She thinks that about you as well,† whispered the daemon. Presently Will closed his eyes. Lyra lay unmoving, but her eyes were wide-open in the dark, and her heart was beating hard. When Will next became aware of things, it was completely dark, and his hand was hurting more than ever. He sat up carefully and saw a fire burning not far away, where Lyra was trying to toast some bread on a forked stick. There were a couple of birds roasting on a spit as well, and as Will came to sit nearby, Serafina Pekkala flew down. â€Å"Will,† she said, â€Å"eat these leaves before you have any other food.† She gave him a handful of soft bitter-tasting leaves somewhat like sage, and he chewed them silently and forced them down. They were astringent, but he felt more awake and less cold, and the better for it. They ate the roasted birds, seasoning them with lemon juice, and then another witch brought some blueberries she’d found below the scree, and then the witches gathered around the fire. They talked quietly; some of them had flown high up to spy, and one had seen a balloon over the sea. Lyra sat up at once. â€Å"Mr. Scoresby’s balloon?† she said. â€Å"There were two men in it, but it was too far away to see who they were. A storm was gathering behind them.† Lyra clapped her hands. â€Å"If Mr. Scoresby’s coming,† she said, â€Å"we’ll be able to fly, Will! Oh, I hope it’s him! I never said good-bye to him, and he was so kind. I wish I could see him again, I really do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The witch Juta Kamainen was listening, with her red-breasted robin daemon bright-eyed on her shoulder, because the mention of Lee Scoresby had reminded her of the quest he’d set out on. She was the witch who had loved Stanislaus Grumman and whose love he’d turned down, the witch Serafina Pekkala had brought into this world to prevent her from killing him in their own. Serafina might have noticed, but something else happened: she held up her hand and lifted her head, as did all the other witches. Will and Lyra could hear very faintly to the north the cry of some night bird. But it wasn’t a bird; the witches knew it at once for a daemon. Serafina Pekkala stood up, gazing intently into the sky. â€Å"I think it’s Ruta Skadi,† she said. They kept still, tilting their heads to the wide silence, straining to hear. And then came another cry, closer already, and then a third; and at that, all the witches seized their branches and leaped into the air. All but two, that is, who stood close by, arrows at their bowstrings, guarding Will and Lyra. Somewhere in the dark above, a fight was taking place. And only seconds later, it seemed, they could hear the rush of flight, the whiz of arrows, and the grunt and scream of voices raised in pain or anger or command. And then with a thud so sudden they had no time to jump, a creature fell from the sky at their feet – a beast of leathery skin and matted fur that Lyra recognized as a cliff-ghast, or something similar. It was broken by the fall, and an arrow protruded from its side, but still it lurched up and lunged with a flopping malice at Lyra. The witches couldn’t shoot, because she was in their line of fire, but Will was there first; and with the knife he slashed backhand, and the creature’s head came off and rolled over once or twice. The air left its lungs with a gurgling sigh, and it fell dead. They turned their eyes upward again, for the fight was coming lower, and the firelight glaring up showed a swift-rushing swirl of black silk, pale limbs, green pine needles, gray-brown scabby leather. How the witches could keep their balance in the sudden turns and halts and forward darts, let alone aim and shoot, was beyond Will’s understanding. Another cliff-ghast and then a third fell in the stream or on the rocks nearby, stark dead; and then the rest fled, skirling and cluttering into the dark toward the north. A few moments later Serafina Pekkala landed with her own witches and with another: a beautiful witch, fierce-eyed and black-haired, whose cheeks were flushed with anger and excitement. The new witch saw the headless cliff-ghast and spat. â€Å"Not from our world,† she said, â€Å"nor from this. Filthy abominations. There are thousands of them, breeding like flies†¦ Who is this? Is this the child Lyra? And who is the boy?† Lyra returned her gaze stolidly, though she felt a quickening of her heart, for Ruta Skadi lived so brilliantly in her nerves that she set up a responding thrill in the nerves of anyone close by. Then the witch turned to Will, and he felt the same tingle of intensity, but like Lyra he controlled his expression. He still had the knife in his hand, and she saw what he’d done with it and smiled. He thrust it into the earth to clean it of the foul thing’s blood and then rinsed it in the stream. Ruta Skadi was saying, â€Å"Serafina Pekkala, I am learning so much; all the old things are changing, or dying, or empty. I’m hungry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She ate like an animal, tearing at the remains of the roasted birds and cramming handfuls of bread into her mouth, washing it down with deep gulps from the stream. While she ate, some of the witches carried the dead cliff-ghast away, rebuilt the fire, and then set up a watch. The rest came to sit near Ruta Skadi to hear what she could tell them. She told what had happened when she flew up to meet the angels, and then of her journey to Lord Asriel’s fortress. â€Å"Sisters, it is the greatest castle you can imagine: ramparts of basalt, rearing to the skies, with wide roads coming from every direction, and on them cargoes of gunpowder, of food, of armor plate. How has he done this? I think he must have been preparing this for a long time, for eons. He was preparing this before we were born, sisters, even though he is so much younger†¦ But how can that be? I don’t know. I can’t understand. I think he commands time, he makes it run fast or slow according to his will.† â€Å"And coming to this fortress are warriors of every kind, from every world. Men and women, yes, and fighting spirits, too, and armed creatures such as I had never seen – lizards and apes, great birds with poison spurs, creatures too outlandish to have a name I could guess at. And other worlds have witches, sisters; did you know that? I spoke to witches from a world like ours, but profoundly different, for those witches live no longer than our short-lifes, and there are men among them, too, men-witches who fly as we do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her tale was causing the witches of Serafina Pekkala’s clan to listen with awe and fear and disbelief. But Serafina believed her, and urged her on. â€Å"Did you see Lord Asriel, Ruta Skadi? Did you find your way to him?† â€Å"Yes, I did, and it was not easy, because he lives at the center of so many circles of activity, and he directs them all. But I made myself invisible and found my way to his inmost chamber, when he was preparing to sleep.† Every witch there knew what had happened next, and neither Will nor Lyra dreamed of it. So Ruta Skadi had no need to tell, and she went on: â€Å"And then I asked him why he was bringing all these forces together, and if it was true what we’d heard about his challenge to the Authority, and he laughed.† â€Å"‘Do they speak of it in Siberia, then?’ he said, and I told him yes, and on Svalbard, and in every region of the north – our north; and I told him of our pact, and how I’d left our world to seek him and find out.† â€Å"And he invited us to join him, sisters. To join his army against the Authority. I wished with all my heart I could pledge us there and then. He showed me that to rebel was right and just, when you considered what the agents of the Authority did in His name†¦ And I thought of the Bolvangar children, and the other terrible mutilations I have seen in our own south lands; and he told me of many more hideous cruelties dealt out in the Authority’s name – of how they capture witches, in some worlds, and burn them alive, sisters. Yes, witches like ourselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He opened my eyes. He showed me things I had never seen, cruelties and horrors all committed in the name of the Authority, all designed to destroy the joys and the truthfulness of life.† â€Å"Oh, sisters, I longed to throw myself and my whole clan into the cause! But I knew I must consult you first, and then fly back to our world and talk to Leva Kasku and Reina Miti and the other witch queens.† â€Å"So I left his chamber invisibly and found my cloud-pine and flew away. But before I’d flown far, a great wind came up and hurled me high into the mountains, and I had to take refuge on a cliff-top. Knowing the sort of creatures who live on cliffs, I made myself invisible again, and in the darkness I heard voices.† â€Å"It seemed that I’d stumbled on the nesting place of the oldest of all cliff-ghasts. He was blind, and they were bringing him food: some stinking carrion from far below. And they were asking him for guidance. â€Å"‘Grandfather,’ they said, ‘how far back does your memory go?'† â€Å"‘Way, way back. Back long before humans,’ he said, and his voice was soft and cracked and frail.† â€Å"‘Is it true that the greatest battle ever known is coming soon, Grandfather?'† â€Å"‘Yes, children,’ he said. ‘A greater battle than the last one, even. Fine feasting for all of us. These will be days of pleasure and plenty for every ghast in every world.'† â€Å"‘And who’s going to win, Grandfather? Is Lord Asriel going to defeat the Authority?'† â€Å"‘Lord Asriel’s army numbers millions,’ the old cliff-ghast told them, ‘assembled from every world. It’s a greater army than the one that fought the Authority before, and it’s better led. As for the forces of the Authority, why, they number a hundred times as many. But the Authority is age-old, far older even than me, children, and His troops are frightened, and complacent where they’re not frightened. It would be a close fight, but Lord Asriel would win, because he is passionate and daring and he believes his cause is just. Except for one thing, children. He hasn’t got Aesahaettr. Without Aesahaettr, he and all his forces will go down to defeat. And then we shall feast for years, my children!'† â€Å"And he laughed and gnawed the stinking old bone they’d brought to him, and the others all shrieked with glee.† â€Å"Now, you can imagine how I listened hard to hear more about this Aesahaettr, but all I could hear over the howling of the wind was a young ghast asking, ‘If Lord Asriel needs Aesahaettr, why doesn’t he call him?'† â€Å"And the old ghast said, ‘Lord Asriel knows no more about Aesahaettr than you do, child! That is the joke! Laugh long and loud – ‘† â€Å"But as I tried to get closer to the foul things to learn more, my power failed, sisters, I couldn’t hold myself invisible any longer. The younger ones saw me and shrieked out, and I had to flee, back into this world through the invisible gateway in the air. A flock of them came after me, and those are the last of them, dead over there.† â€Å"But it’s clear that Lord Asriel needs us, sisters. Whoever this Aesahaettr is, Lord Asriel needs us! I wish I could go back to Lord Asriel now and say, ‘Don’t be anxious – we’re coming – we the witches of the north, and we shall help you win. Let’s agree now, Serafina Pekkala, and call a great council of all the witches, every single clan, and make war!† Serafina Pekkala looked at Will, and it seemed to him that she was asking his permission for something. But he could give no guidance, and she looked back at Ruta Skadi. â€Å"Not us,† she said. â€Å"Our task now is to help Lyra, and her task is to guide Will to his father. You should fly back, agreed, but we must stay with Lyra.† Ruta Skadi tossed her head impatiently. â€Å"Well, if you must,† she said. Will lay down, because his wound was hurting him – much more now than when it was fresh. His whole hand was swollen. Lyra too lay down, with Pantalaimon curled at her neck, and watched the fire through half-closed lids, and listened sleepily to the murmur of the witches. Ruta Skadi walked a little way upstream, and Serafina Pekkala went with her. â€Å"Ah, Serafina Pekkala, you should see Lord Asriel,† said the Latvian queen quietly. â€Å"He is the greatest commander there ever was. Every detail of his forces is clear in his mind, imagine the daring of it, to make war on the Creator! But who do you think this Aesahaettr can be? How have we not heard of him? And how can we urge him to join Lord Asriel?† â€Å"Maybe it’s not a him, sister. We know as little as the young cliff-ghast. Maybe the old grandfather was laughing at his ignorance. The word sounds as if it means ‘god destroyer.’ Did you know that?† â€Å"Then it might mean us after all, Serafina Pekkala! And if it does, then how much stronger his forces will be when we join them. Ah, I long for my arrows to kill those fiends from Bolvangar, and every Bolvangar in every world! Sister, why do they do it? In every world, the agents of the Authority are sacrificing children to their cruel god! Why? Why?† â€Å"They are afraid of Dust,† said Serafina Pekkala, â€Å"though what that is, I don’t know.† â€Å"And this boy you’ve found. Who is he? What world does he come from?† Serafina Pekkala told her all she knew about Will. â€Å"I don’t know why he’s important,† she finished, â€Å"but we serve Lyra. And her instrument tells her that that is her task. And, sister, we tried to heal his wound, but we failed. We tried the holding spell, but it didn’t work. Maybe the herbs in this world are less potent than ours. It’s too hot here for bloodmoss to grow.† â€Å"He’s strange,† said Ruta Skadi. â€Å"He is the same kind as Lord Asriel. Have you looked into his eyes?† â€Å"To tell the truth,† said Serafina Pekkala, â€Å"I haven’t dared.† The two queens sat quietly by the stream. Time went past; stars set, and other stars rose; a little cry came from the sleepers, but it was only Lyra dreaming. The witches heard the rumbling of a storm, and they saw the lightning play over the sea and the foothills, but it was a long way off. Later Ruta Skadi said, â€Å"The girl Lyra. What of the part she was supposed to play? Is this it? She’s important because she can lead the boy to his father? It was more than that, wasn’t it?† â€Å"That’s what she has to do now. But as for later, yes, far more than that. What we witches have said about the child is that she would put an end to destiny. Well, we know the name that would make her meaningful to Mrs. Coulter, and we know that the woman doesn’t know it. The witch she was torturing on the ship near Svalbard nearly gave it away, but Yambe-Akka came to her in time.† â€Å"But I’m thinking now that Lyra might be what you heard those ghasts speak of – this Aesahaettr. Not the witches, not those angel-beings, but that sleeping child: the final weapon in the war against the Authority. Why else would Mrs. Coulter be so anxious to find her?† â€Å"Mrs. Coulter was a lover of Lord Asriel’s,† said Ruta Skadi. â€Å"Of course, and Lyra is their child†¦ Serafina Pekkala, if I had borne his child, what a witch she would be! A queen of queens!† â€Å"Hush, sister,† said Serafina. â€Å"Listen†¦ and what’s that light?† They stood, alarmed that something had slipped past their guard, and saw a gleam of light from the camping place; not firelight, though, nothing remotely like firelight. They ran back on silent feet, arrows already nocked to their bowstrings, and stopped suddenly. All the witches were asleep on the grass, and so were Will and Lyra. But surrounding the two children were a dozen or more angels, gazing down at them. And then Serafina understood something for which the witches had no word: it was the idea of pilgrimage. She understood why these beings would wait for thousands of years and travel vast distances in order to be close to something important, and how they would feel differently for the rest of time, having been briefly in its presence. That was how these creatures looked now, these beautiful pilgrims of rarefied light, standing around the girl with the dirty face and the tartan skirt and the boy with the wounded hand who was frowning in his sleep. There was a stir at Lyra’s neck. Pantalaimon, a snow-white ermine, opened his black eyes sleepily and gazed around unafraid. Later, Lyra would remember it as a dream. Pantalaimon seemed to accept the attention as Lyra’s due, and presently he curled up again and closed his eyes. Finally one of the creatures spread his wings wide. The others, as close as they were, did so too, and their wings interpenetrated with no resistance, sweeping through one another like light through light, until there was a circle of radiance around the sleepers on the grass. Then the watchers took to the air, one after another, rising like flames into the sky and increasing in size as they did so, until they were immense; but already they were far away, moving like shooting stars toward the north. Serafina and Ruta Skadi sprang to their pine branches and followed them upward, but they were left far behind. â€Å"Were they like the creatures you saw, Ruta Skadi?† said Serafina as they slowed down in the middle airs, watching the bright flames diminish toward the horizon. â€Å"Bigger, I think, but the same kind. They have no flesh, did you see that? All they are is light. Their senses must be so different from ours†¦ Serafina Pekkala, I’m leaving you now, to call all the witches of our north together. When we meet again, it will be wartime. Go well, my dear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They embraced in midair, and Ruta Skadi turned and sped southward. Serafina watched her go, and then turned to see the last of the gleaming angels disappear far away. She felt nothing but compassion for those great watchers. How much they must miss, never to feel the earth beneath their feet, or the wind in their hair, or the tingle of the starlight on their bare skin! And she snapped a little twig off the pine branch she flew with, and sniffed the sharp resin smell with greedy pleasure, before flying slowly down to join the sleepers on the grass. How to cite The Subtle Knife Chapter Thirteen, Essay examples

The Department Of Homeland Security Act Example For Students

The Department Of Homeland Security Act When one thinks of security, they tend to think of being protected, free from harm or danger. There are various security threats that the world faces today. Threats could range from a series of cyber threats to terrorist attacks. We are incessantly encountered with catastrophic man-made and natural diseases. The Department of Homeland Security measures the nation s vulnerabilities, meaning it takes initiative in leading and evaluating vulnerabilities and coordinating with other federal, state, local, and private entities to safeguard the most effective response. The creation of the country’s 15th Cabinet Department marked the largest reorganization of government since the Truman administration. The Department of Homeland Security Act was created a year after September 11th, 2001 to ensure the protection of the American border and the people; also to measure and monitor counterterrorism. Since 2002, there have been six Secretaries of Homeland Security. The Secretary of Homeland Security has the ability to impact and shape the agenda of how the United States of America executes and defends the various players that try to attack us. Secretary Michael Chertoff, when compared to the other five secretaries can be viewed as someone who had some gray areas, but successfully executed and transformed the duties of this position, which was sought before him. His work and expertise over the years as Secretary of Homeland Security through President Bush administration and the beginning of President Obama’s administration shows his ability to maintain professional and remain committed to protecting the American borders and people. To fully understand the role of Security of Homeland Security, one should begin to understand the organization of this role. Homeland Security evolved from a federal cry out or responds to crises. After the September 11th, terrorist attacks in the United States unalterable changed the status quo; because billions of dollars were being spent, several laws were written, policies were developed, creations of several agencies; but people were looking towards the government for guidance. According to the White House, the Department of Homeland Security was created to aid the President in strengthening foreign affairs, border patrol, and threats against America through potential threats, such as, cyberspace, fraud, and terrorist attacks. Congress formulated a document (formally known as the Homeland Security Act 2002), which established the Department of Homeland Security, as an executive department of the United States. Also, the mission of this department is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States. According to by O Hanlon , Orszag and et al (2002), the most important and primary role of Congress was to create what is seen today as the functioning organization Department of Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland Security was created through the integration of twenty-two different federal departments and agencies into a unified organization (Chertoff, 2015). Unfortunately, the strategy that was best for this type of job is as followed: Acknowledging that while we must continue to focus on the persistent and evolving terrorist threat, we also must recognize that certain non-terrorist events that reach catastrophic levels can have significant implications for homeland security. By creating this department, it presented a reinforced homeland security enterprise and America that is more protected and better equipped to confront the threats we face short or long-term. After, the tragedy events of September 11th, 2001, Thomas J. Ridge a twice elected Governor from Pennsylvania became the first Assistant to the President for Homeland Security in 2001, in January 2003, became the first Secretary of Homeland Security. According to Secretary Chertoff, in 2005 after being nominated by President Bush he was already in place working on homeland security matters. Secretary Chertoff was already involved due to being in charge of the Criminal Division at the Department of Justice department. Secretary Chertoff was involved in the initial development of the counter terrorism strategy, after September 11th. He felt that he had familiarity with the issues that had surfaced and he believed that, â€Å"This job was very important and I felt comfortable with the issues that were at hand. Also, I felt that it would have been a patriotic move for me to step down from being a judge and take on the role of Secretary of Homeland Security.† (Chertoff, 2015). .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .postImageUrl , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:hover , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:visited , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:active { border:0!important; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:active , .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6 .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub39052963caff20206e86e39ca5729e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Everyone remembers Michael Jackson EssaySecretary Chertoff is often the person that is constantly speaking or interviewing with media or the Council of Foreign Relations, or expressing what America needs to do in order to guarantee safety. However, to understand the role of Secretary Chertoff, one should first understand Chertoff from a different perspective. He graduated from Childhood did not shape his career. He grew up during the Cold-War period and different security environment. Years as a Federal prosecutor and dealt with many organized cases involving the Mafia. This mean that he had the familiar experience to investigate things. Influenced him to In 2005, Secretary Chertoff consolidated the twenty- two agencies in to on one department with the Six-Point Agenda. The six-point Agenda was the foundation for implementing policies. This was Secretary Chertoff’s stamp to ensure that the Department’s policies, operations, and structure are aligned and addressed in the best way when it comes to both present and future potential threats that face our nation. This six-point agenda was designed to guide the department to changes in homeland security and will: 1) Increase overall preparedness, particularly events, 2) Create better transpo use operation directory to unifying the planning and execution of the dept. wide initiative. DOD joint operations concerning military operations. Relationships with the other National Security Council: Very good relationships with the other members. Secretary Rob Gates very supportive of areas and authority with homeland security issues. Worked close with the senior people Sec. Rice. And the FB I and Justice dept. senior level smoothly among the various dept. bush focused on sec. issues. Clear between officials and made it possible to better understand security and involved. Making sure that every on he worked together. Gov. response Depends on the crisis and who the government has in that position that is willing out to carry out those duties. We have gotten better over time dealing with crises because we have different experinces. But this may not be the case always because different crises need different attention. Example that was used was EBOLA. Practice and proper planning. In closing, Emphasizing that as we secure the Homeland we cannot simply rely on defensive approaches and well-planned response and recovery measures. We recognize that our efforts also must involve offense at home and abroad (Protecting the Homeland). Prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks. To prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks in the United States, we are working to deny terrorists and terrorist-related weapons and materials entry. But we must continue to strengthen the foundation to ensure our long-term success. To fulfill these responsibilities over the long term, we will continue to strengthen the principles, systems, structures, and institutions that cut across the homeland security enterprise and support our activities to secure the Homeland. But this department will not in itself make Americans safer, but can at least make an attempt.

My Last Duchess Essays (462 words) - My Last Duchess,

My Last Duchess A dramatic monologue is defined as a poem in which a single character is speaking to a person or persons- usually about an important topic. The purpose of most dramatic monologues is to provide the reader with an overall or intimate view of the character's personality. A great poet can use punctuation and rhythm to make the poem appear as if it were an actual conversation. Robert Browning, known as the father of the dramatic monologue, does this in his poem, "My Last Duchess." The Duke of Ferrara, the speaker in "My Last Duchess," is portrayed as a jealous, arrogant man who is very controlling over his wife. The Duke of Ferrara was made jealous by everything the duchess did, no matter how unimportant it was. He was especially jealous of Fra Pandolf, the man who painted the duchess in the poem. A woman should be pleased only by her husband, as was not the case with the duchess and Fra Pandolf. She was "too easily impressed" by the painter (line 23). Fra Pandolf was not the only man that made the duke jealous. Everyone who passed the duchess received "much the same smile" as the duke (line 44). The duke expected to be the only man to receive a smile from his wife. Another aspect of the duke's character addressed in the poem is his condescending attitude. Two times in the poem the duke needlessly told the names of the artists who created the masterpieces that he owned (lines 3 & 56). He felt superiority over the emissary he was speaking to by dropping these names. The duke addressed the emissary as a"never read stranger" (line 6). Not only was it patronizing for the duke to call him a stranger, but he called him unintelligent too. The third character trait of the duke is his controlling behavior. In lines nine and ten he told the emissary that no one "puts by the curtain" that he had drawn for him but the duke himself. He felt the need to control who ever looked at the painting of the duchess. The main evidence of his dominating behavior is in line 46. The line reads, "...then all smiles stopped together." The line is ambiguous, but the most likely interpretation is that the duke had his wife killed. The poem can be interpreted in several different ways, but in all cases the duke is a very controlling man. Although "My Last Duchess" was set centuries in the past, lessons can be learned from it and used in today's society. No single moral lies beneath the poem but if one had to be found, it would be the golden rule. Do unto others as you would like them to do unto you. One would surely agree that the duke gained nothing by being the way he was. Nothing but kindness gets a person ahead, no matter what society that person is from.

Free Essays on Review Of “Powder“ By Tobias Wolff

In the short story Powder by Tobias Wolff there is an irrefutable relationship that is quite dissimilar. In these two characters of father and son we see a reflection of many modern day â€Å"broken home† situations. The standard role of father and son has been reversed in this story. Reversed in a way that real life and many modern day family situations have been replicated. The development of the father character begins with his son’s flashback of being brought to a nightclub against the will of his mother. He wanted to bring his son to see jazz great Thelonious Monk. With this passage it was possibly Wolff’s intent to portray the father as a reckless parent with no regard for the welfare of his child. In the father’s defense we are left with a disclaimer that the father is only trying to institute a foundation of culture upon his son. The boy was not thrust into this environment with the intent of exposing him to the tribulations of a nightclub atmosphere. It becomes easy for the father to not hold back in the presence of his son. He does not have custody of the boy so he isn’t burdened with the role of disciplinarian. So when receiving time to spend with his son he is able to have fun and not worry about the effects of his teachings. The boy who is our narrator throughout the story becomes Wolff’s opposition to the father character. Right through the story the boy demonstrates qualities of restraint and level headedness. Almost everything that the father lacks in values the son has made up for with nervous anticipation. The development of the boy’s cautious personality is initiated early in the story when him and his father are making their last run. He is depicted as â€Å"sticking to his father like white on rice.† This was an establishment of his tense but well aware personality. He seems to always be thinking ahead and calculating the dangers of his actions and the unpredictable measures of his fathe... Free Essays on Review Of â€Å"Powderâ€Å" By Tobias Wolff Free Essays on Review Of â€Å"Powderâ€Å" By Tobias Wolff In the short story Powder by Tobias Wolff there is an irrefutable relationship that is quite dissimilar. In these two characters of father and son we see a reflection of many modern day â€Å"broken home† situations. The standard role of father and son has been reversed in this story. Reversed in a way that real life and many modern day family situations have been replicated. The development of the father character begins with his son’s flashback of being brought to a nightclub against the will of his mother. He wanted to bring his son to see jazz great Thelonious Monk. With this passage it was possibly Wolff’s intent to portray the father as a reckless parent with no regard for the welfare of his child. In the father’s defense we are left with a disclaimer that the father is only trying to institute a foundation of culture upon his son. The boy was not thrust into this environment with the intent of exposing him to the tribulations of a nightclub atmosphere. It becomes easy for the father to not hold back in the presence of his son. He does not have custody of the boy so he isn’t burdened with the role of disciplinarian. So when receiving time to spend with his son he is able to have fun and not worry about the effects of his teachings. The boy who is our narrator throughout the story becomes Wolff’s opposition to the father character. Right through the story the boy demonstrates qualities of restraint and level headedness. Almost everything that the father lacks in values the son has made up for with nervous anticipation. The development of the boy’s cautious personality is initiated early in the story when him and his father are making their last run. He is depicted as â€Å"sticking to his father like white on rice.† This was an establishment of his tense but well aware personality. He seems to always be thinking ahead and calculating the dangers of his actions and the unpredictable measures of his fathe...

About Jørn Utzon, Architect of the Sydney Opera House

About Jà ¸rn Utzon, Architect of the Sydney Opera House Any biography of Jà ¸rn Utzon (born  April 9, 1918) will certainly say that his best-known building is his revolutionary Sydney Opera House in Australia. Yet, as a private Dane born in Copenhagen, Utzon created many other masterpieces in his lifetime. He is noted for his courtyard-style housing in Denmark, but he also designed exceptional buildings in Kuwait and Iran. His architecture combines the organic elements of Frank Lloyd Wright with Middle Eastern and Islamic elements.   Jà ¸rn Utzon was perhaps destined to design buildings that evoke the sea. His father,  Aage Utzon (1885-1970), was director of a shipyard in Alborg, Denmark, and was himself a brilliant naval architect, well-known in the area for designing custom-made yachts. Yachting and racing was an activity within the Utzon family, and the young Jà ¸rn became a good sailor himself. The Utzons grew up with sails. Until about the age of 18, Utzon considered a career as a naval officer. While still in secondary school, he began helping his father at the shipyard, studying new designs, drawing up plans and making model yachts. This activity opened another possibility - that of training to be a naval architect like his father. During summer holidays with his grandparents, Jà ¸rn Utzon met two artists, Paul Schrà ¸der and Carl Kyberg, who introduced him to art. One of his father’s cousins, Einar Utzon-Frank, who happened to be a sculptor and a professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, provided additional inspiration. The future architect took an interest in sculpting, and at one point, indicated a desire to be an artist. Even though his final marks in secondary school were quite poor, particularly in mathematics, Utzon excelled in freehand drawing - a talent strong enough to win his admission to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. He was soon recognized as having extraordinary gifts in architectural design. While in school, he became interested in the works of architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), who would remain influential all of Utzons life. He earned a Diploma in Architecture from the Academy in 1942, and then fled to neutral Sweden during War War II. He worked in the Stockholm office of Hakon Ahlberg for the duration of the War, where he studied the work of Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund (1885-1940), known for what is called Nordic Classicism. Following the War, Utzon had the great opportunity to work with the modernist architect Alvar Aalto at his studio in Finland. By 1949 Utzon had received a grant to travel in Morocco, Mexico, the United States, China, Japan, India, and Australia - a whirlwind world excursion that would eventually inform his architectural designs for years to come.. All of the trips had significance, and Utzon himself described ideas he learned from Mexico. As an architectonic element, the platform is fascinating, Utzon has said. I lost my heart to it on a trip to Mexico in 1949. On the Yucatan he saw land covered by low height, dense jungle. But by building up the platform on a level with the roof of the jungle, says Utzon, these people had suddenly conquered a new dimension that was a worthy place for the worship of their gods. They built their temples on these high platforms, which can be as much as a hundred metres long. From here, they had the sky, the clouds and the breeze.... Utzon remembered this experience as he submitted his design for the Sydney Opera House competition. The next year, in 1950, Utzon returned to Copenhagen, and opened his own practice. Utzons Architecture When looking at the architecture of Jà ¸rn Utzon, the observer notices repeating architectural details - the skylights, the white curves, the appreciation for natural elements, the stationary platform on which Utzon designs may soar. His last project, the Utzon Center in Aalborg, Denmark, opened the year Utzon died, but exhibits the elements he saw throughout his life - the Islamic-like towers, the interior courtyards, the curves and the skylights. The interior of the Bagsvaerd Church, built in 1976, was envisioned with a ceiling of clouds, a sweeping white pillow motif also seen in the 1982 Kuwait National Assembly in Kuwait City and the spiral stairway of the Melli Bank, University of Tehran Branch in 1960 Iran. Yet it is the Sydney Opera House in Australia that has captured the moniker of iconic architecture. The iconic design of the Sydney Opera House complex comes from the shell-shape of the multiple roofs - they are all geometrically part of one sphere. A bonze plaque located onsite visually demonstrates the architectural idea and design solution, who wanted the plaque to explain the spherical concept of the architecture. The key to the shell design is that each shell or sail is an element of a solid sphere. The plaque Inscription tells the story: after three years of intensive search for a basic geometry for the shell complex I arrived in october 1961 at the spherical solution shown here.I call this my key to the shells because it solves all the problems of construction by opening up for mass production, precision in manufacture and simple erection and with this geometrical system I attain full harmony between all the shapes in this fantastic complex.jà ³rn utzon Danish architect Jà ¸rn Utzon was only 38 when he won the competition to build the Sydney Opera House.   The project became the highlight of his career but brought enormous challenges in engineering and building technology. Utzons winning design, submitted in 1957, moved through a complicated process with many adaptations and innovations before the Sydney Opera House officially opened on October 20, 1973. Utzons Legacy Ada Louise Huxtable, an architecture critic and a member of the 2003 Pritzker Prize jury, commented, In a forty year practice, each commission displays a continuing development of ideas both subtle and bold, true to the teaching of early pioneers of a new architecture, but that cohere in a prescient way, most visible now, to push the boundaries of architecture toward the present. This has produced a range of work from the sculptural abstraction of the Sydney Opera House that foreshadowed the avant garde expression of our time, and is widely considered to be the most notable monument of the 20th century, to handsome, humane housing and a church that remains a masterwork today. Carlos Jimenez, an architect on the Pritzker Jury, noted that ...each work startles with with its irrepressible creativity. How else to explain the lineage binding those indelible ceramic sails on the Tasmanian Sea, the fertile optimism of the housing at Fredensborg, or those sublime undulations of the ceilings at Bagsvà ¦rd, to name just three of Utzon’s timeless works. At the end of his life, the Pritzker Prize-winning architect faced new challenges. A degenerative eye condition left Utzon nearly blind. Also, according to news reports, Utzon clashed with his son and grandson over a remodeling project at the Sydney Opera House. The acoustics at the Opera House was criticized, and many people complained that the celebrated theater did not have enough performance or backstage space. Jà ¸rn Utzon died of a heart attack on November 29, 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark at age 90. He was survived by his wife and their three children, Kim, Jan and Lin, and several grandchildren who work in architecture and related fields. There is no doubt that artistic clashes will be forgotten as the world honors  Jà ¸rn Utzons powerful artistic legacy. The architectural firm he founded, Utzon Associates Architects, is in Hellebaek, Denmark. Sources Biography, The Hyatt Foundation, PDF at https://www.pritzkerprize.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/2003_bio_0.pdfAbout the Utzon Family, https://utzon.dk/utzon-associates-architects/the-utzon-familyJury Citation, The Hyatt Foundation, https://www.pritzkerprize.com/jury-citation-jorn-utzonGouse History, Sydney Opera House, https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/our-story/sydney-opera-house-history.htm Fast Facts Born April 9, 1918 in Copenhagen, DenmarkInfluenced by Mayan, Islamic, and Chinese architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright and Alvar Aalto; growing up next to a shipyardBest-known as the architect of the Sydney Opera House (1957-1973) in Sydney, AustraliaDied November 29, 2008 in Copenhagen, Denmark

Whole Foods Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whole Foods Market - Essay Example The US and Germany constitute the top markets for this industry segment. Some of the other industry trends include emergence of private label brands, as well as a growing demand in the developing economies. The report also shows the market to grow by about 4.2 percent in the present year. It also shows large scale consolidation and foray of major brands into this segment (Sahota, 2010, p.1-11). USA the major market for Whole Foods is the most growing market for the industry with trade values in the industry segment being pegged at 28.6 billion US dollars in 2010 representing a growth of almost 11.8 percent annually. The growth trends of the organic foods also outperformed the sales growth in the entire food category segment reflecting a major shift in consumption patterns of individuals with a shift towards the organic food category (Organic Trade Association, 2011, p.1). These aspects are highly encouraging for a market player like Whole foods whose core product offering happens to be organic foods. Competitive Environment Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Model The competitive environment of any organization can be analyzed using the framework of the five force model proposed by Michael Porter. The five forces and their effect on Whole Foods are stated below: Bargaining Power of Buyers Considering the fact that a large number of retailers including supermarket chains are stocking organic food items, customers are flooded with choices, however with very few specialized organic food stores the bargaining power of consumers is medium. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers for organic foods normally include farmers, and other small and marginal players that are present in considerable numbers, moreover with specialized training for farming being provided by corporate the bargaining power of suppliers is considerably low. Threat of New Entrants It is quite difficult for a new player to establish in the market considering the cost of operations and access to s uppliers, however exiting supermarket chains can pose a threat if they chose to make a foray in this sector, hence the bargaining power of new entrants is medium. Threat of Substitutes Substitutes for organic food include food items that are being preserved or created artificially. In spite of the awareness among consumers with regards to the benefits of organic food, synthetic food items still have an edge over the aspect of lower cost. This makes the threat of substitutes high for the industry. Competition among Existing Players The competition among the players are extremely high with major supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Kroger selling organic food items, although the number of specialized organic food stores is quite less and they are not present in a big way that makes the threat of this force high. The most significant threa

Access Control and Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Access Control and Policies - Assignment Example One advantage of the Access Control Lists (ACLs) is the protection it offers users of a system. The Mandatory Access Control (MAC), for example, is a policy that is mandatory in every system present. It requires that users are offered access based on mandated guidelines. The Role Based Access Control (RBAC) controls access depending on the role played by system users (Kuhn, 2003). The advantage brought on by such access controls helps determine who is to access data, regulate what they might, or might not do. The ACLs provide an exceptional method of accessing data and resources. Disadvantages brought on by the use of ACLs are immense. One of them includes the difficulty involved in maintaining the ACLs in an environment where there is a large number of users. They are also error-prone and do not offer assurance on the protection of confidential information. This is once there is a need to change, or delete ACLs on individual files. These challenges make it particularly hard for system users to trust ACLs entirely (Bertino & Ghinita, 2011). The organization of information resources would be in such a manner that there is one system to access. The use of the RBAC is crucial in the arrangement of such information. It is an exceptional tool to use since it will recognize internal and external users of that system. People, therefore, can carry out their responsibilities without too much struggle. They would be assigned unique codes that grant them access to the system (Gofman, 2008). Discretionary policies in any system create the possibility of what one can access, and how they can use that information. If there is any threat of damage of data, there are software systems created to raise an alarm. The Biba Integrity Model is a security system that ensures problems associated with damaging of information are dealt with accordingly. The protection of information is

Visual Techniques Essay Example for Free

Visual Techniques Essay Contemporary television nowadays is leaning towards the â€Å"reality† aspect of what’s being shown to the audience. Because of this, they adapt visual techniques which makes it easier for the audience to relate to what’s on today’s TV. One specific technique is the subjective perspective or view point. This is when the television shows encourage its viewers to follow a certain character or adopt a certain stance through the direction of the shots. High angled shots usually give power to viewers while low angled shots leave them powerless. Another visual technique is the social distance. This enables the audience to see how close or how intimate characters are to a certain cause or idea. Personal distances are judged through the types of shots, like when its about far social distance, long shots are used, and for close personal distance medium to close-up shots are used. 2. On the other hand, television visual techniques are now being used in contemporary films. One good example is the use of lighting. Before, one can immediately distinguish a film from a television show because television shows usually have more lighting, as compared to darker, dimmer lighting on films. Nowadays, in the advent of High-Definition, films give a more life-like feel just like television because of lighting. Another one television visual technique used in contemporary films is the documentary style or approach. Instead of the usual plot, films follow different sequence of events that could make the viewers feel like they’re watching a made-for-TV documentary. 3. Film and television clearly have influenced each other throughout their shared history. Now, film visual techniques are not anymore limited to films, just like with television techniques being used in films. Also, both of these benefited from better production because of the advanced tools and techniques used in making them (CinemaRoll, 2008). Computer-generated images are not that costly now, making it available even to low-budget films. On the other hand, viewers are tired of the usual plot twists and turns in movies that’s why they enjoy odd, radical approaches in film making, including the incorporation of television techniques in its production (Cohen, 2006). References: CinemaRoll. (2008). Television and Film. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://cinemaroll. com/cinemarolling/television-and-film/ Cohen, D. S. (2006). New techniques make visual effects more actor-friendly. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www. variety. com/awardcentral_article/VR1117955526. html? nav=visualfx07

Comparing Diversity in Crying of Lot 49, Good-bye, Columbus, and Survivor :: comparison Compare Contrast essays

Theme of Diversity in Crying of Lot 49, Good-bye, Columbus, and Survivor Diversity is an attribute that is seen among people, situations and cultures. Everyone has encountered different situations at one time or more during their lives that has either been pleasant or upsetting. Certain novels written in the 1950's to the present show signs of multiformity very clearly. In regards to culture, people are placed in unusual situations where their diversity is shown. Throughout the novella, "Good-bye, Columbus," written by Philip Roth, conflicts are seen as far as social status among families. This novella was not diverse in the written aspect, in fact I thought of it as easy reading. "Sure, I should serve four different meals at once.... I should jump up and down twenty different times? What am I, a workhorse?" (Roth 4) The reactions in Brenda's house differ because they have a maid and Brenda's Mom doesn't have to pick up a finger. Neal and Brenda's families are obviously placed in different social brackets and this adds to the conflict that the relationship is not equal. From the readers point of view, the tie that Neil feels toward Brenda is one of physical attraction. "She dove beautifully and a moment later she was swimming back to the side of the pool, her head of shortclipped auburn hair held up, straight ahead of her, as though it were a rose on a long stem." (Roth 3) He sees her only as a beautiful woman and allows that to get in the way of actually realizing the true reasons for her actions. Brenda on the other hand is using him to be her "slave." This is seen with all her actions that show that she honestly does not care about his feelings, his wants or desires. "' We'll be right back,' Brenda said to me. 'You have to sit with Julie. Carlota's off.'"(Roth 13) She finds Neil very accommodating in fulfilling her needs. Neil is constantly being thrown into predicaments for the first time, such as Brenda's country club, where Neil is viably not accustomed to being. "My next question was prompted by a desire to sound interested and thereby regain civility; it didn't quite come out as I'd expected- I said it too loud.

Persuasive Opinion Writing Essay

Write a response for each of these activities. At the end of the lesson, click the link on the final screen to open the Student Answer Sheet. Use the sample answers to evaluate your own work. 1.Analyzing Editorials a.Select a newspaper from this list of prominent newspapers, and read a variety of recent editorials. Then read some editorials from one or two additional newspapers from different parts of the country. What do you notice about the editorial topics and opinions selected from different newspapers throughout the country? Type your response here: They all involve different ways of tone and language use in the newspapers. b.Analyze one of the editorials you read. Write a paragraph that answers these questions: †¢What was the subject of the editorial? †¢What was the author’s position on the topic? †¢How did the author support his or her opinion? (Give specific examples from the text, such as facts, quotes, and statistics.) Type your response here: c.Errors in logic, or fallacies, can make an argument appear weak and unconvincing. Read about good arguments versus fallacies, and complete the five exercises. Then write two syllogisms of your own that are based on fallacies, and explain their logical errors. You might choose from these fallacies: validity problem, post hoc, slippery slope, straw man, inconsistency, begging the question, false dilemma, non sequitur, and ad hominem. Type your response here: How did you do? Check a box below. 0 Nailed It!—I included all of the same ideas as the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. 0 Halfway There—I included most of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. 0 Not Great—I did not include any of the ideas in the model response on the Student Answer Sheet. Teacher-Graded Activities Write a response for each of the following activities. Check the Evaluation section at the end of this document to make sure you have met the expected criteria for the assignment. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. 1.Write a Letter On the editorial page of most newspapers, you will also find letters that people have written to the editor in response to articles or opinion columns. Write a letter to the editor stating your position on the editorial you analyzed in activity 1b. Your opinion may agree or disagree with the editorial. If you agree with the author’s opinion, be prepared to add further support (such as research, examples, and analysis) to your statement. Write your letter in business letter format. Be sure to include a  clear description of the issue and compelling evidence to support your opinion. And, remember to use persuasive language. Type your response here: 2.Debate a Topic Work with a group to brainstorm a list of current debate topics. Decide which side of the issue you will research (pro or con), and have another student take the opposite stance. Agree on a time to hold a mock debate in which each of you will state your position on the topic and present your supporting research. Be sure to submit your position in written form, and cite any sources, electronic or print, that you have used. Include use of persuasive strategies, such as loaded words and repetition, while avoiding fallacy and illogical thinking in your argument. You may want to add visuals (photographs or data tables) to your presentation to make your argument even more convincing. At the conclusion of the debate, poll the audience to determine their opinions as to which side presented the more convincing argument. Type your response here: Evaluation Your teacher will use these rubrics to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit. Activity 2: Write a Letter Criteria Distinguished (4 points)†¢The topic of the editorial and the author’s position are both clearly stated in the letter. †¢The student’s position on the topic is supported with three or more statements of fact or supporting data providing compelling evidence. †¢The assignment is written in the form of a letter with an appropriate greeting and closing and a developed body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are professional and persuasive. †¢The letter is free of grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Proficient (3 points)†¢The topic of the editorial and the author’s position are both stated in the letter. †¢The student’s position on the topic is supported with two or more statements of fact or supporting data providing evidence that is somewhat compelling. †¢The assignment is written in the form of a letter with an appropriate greeting and closing and a developed body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are mostly professional and persuasive. †¢The letter is mostly free of grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Developing (2 points)†¢The topic of the editorial and the author’s position are both understood, although perhaps not thoroughly stated. †¢The student’s position on the topic is supported with two or more statements of fact or supporting data. †¢The assignment is written in the form of a letter with a greeting, closing, and body. †¢The tone and language of the letter are somewhat professional and persuasive. †¢The letter contains some grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Beginning (1 point)†¢Either the topic of the editorial or the author’s position is not clear or evident. †¢The student’s position on the topic is minimally supported. †¢The assignment is written in the form of a letter, but either the greeting or the closing is missing. †¢The tone and language of the letter are more informal than professional and are not very persuasive. †¢The letter contains several noticeable errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay

The 32nd president of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, accomplished many things during his three terms in office. Being the only president ever elected to more than two terms, it is easy to suppose that he was a well-rounded president. His leadership, success in getting programs passed, management of economic and domestic policy, foreign policy, and role as Chief Party Leader all contribute to an overall grade of an A for his presidency. First off, as the symbol of the country and the presidency, Franklin Delano Roosevelt gets an A. He showed great character and leadership with his thirty â€Å"fireside chats† on the radio. With these, he was able to soothe the thirty five million people listening. It was successful too, in that, after his first in which he assured the safety of keeping money in a reopened bank, confidence was restored and the banks began to open up. His ability to master the press contributed strongly to his overall public opinion and showed he had good character. Also, in WWII conferences such as Casablanca and Teheran, Roosevelt represented the country well in his efforts with the Allies to stop Nazi Germany. His leadership of the country and his character are the reason that he was the only president ever to be elected to four consecutive terms as the leader of the country. Particularly with the New Deal, FDR was rather successful as a policy and legislative leader. With the nation in the midst of the Great Depression, there was a lot of pressure on the president to take immediate action. Beginning with â€Å"the first hundred days,† Roosevelt shut down the banks and met with Congress. He was able to get 15 major bills approved regarding the economy in attempts to get it back on track. With such turmoil happening in the country, FDR was very efficient in getting bills passed by Congress, which is why he deserves an A. Though the actual success of each program may be questioned, his quick action and role as a policy and legislative leader was executed well. The same is true for when the United States became involved in WWII. This situation again demanded quick action and Roosevelt pulled through by passing various acts such as the Lend Lease Act and Neutrality Acts. Though again these may not have always had the best outcomes, his initiative and f air thinking are what gets him an A for this category. FDR’s most noted domestic policies while in office were those of the New Deal. With a nation pressuring the president for change, Roosevelt developed a plan called the New Deal. The principal acts were done during his first hundred days, as mentioned earlier, in attempts to achieve his goals of relief, recovery, and reform. Regarding the economy, Congressed passed the Glass-Stegall Banking Act which established the FDIC, a very important act after the crises leading up to the Great Depression. By stopping the bank runs, he was able to steer the economy in the right direction, creating a corporation that is still used today. In addition, under his presidency, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established, giving jobs to young men while at the same time conserving both human and natural resources. With the young men being able to send the money back to their families, it was a way to decrease unemployment and boost the economy. Another important issue was his repeal of t he Prohibition through the 21st amendment. This gave much needed revenue to the country and provided employment. Despite these successful acts of domestic policy, Roosevelt was not always so brilliant. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration, one of the New Deal agencies, increased unemployment, frustrated farmers, and was eventually deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. His intentions and theories to end overproduction were good, just not executed well. Another of Roosevelt’s reforms is Social Security. This is perhaps one of the most controversial of his policies. Some loved it and some hated it. In fact, the benefits of this administration are still debated over today with people calling into question the longevity of its existence. One problem that Roosevelt seemed to face was his long-running battle with the Supreme Court. Consisting of older aged, ultraconservative men whom Roosevelt had not appointed, the Supreme Court was something the president wanted to change. To fix it, he asked Congress to permit him to add up to 15 justices to the Supreme Court. This attempt to â€Å"pack† the court cost Roosevelt severely in the eyes of the public. It was his away of going around the Constitution in order to be able to keep more of his programs and agencies from the New Deal. In total, despite also several failures, many of FDR’s domestic policies were good. They helped relieve some of the stress set on by the depression. However, that’s all they did – relieve. His policies and the New Deal did not cure the country of the Great Depression, only temporarily masked the problems with only of his agencies still existing after his presidency. For these reasons, I give Roosevelt a B for his domestic policy. In the beginnings of a second world war, Roosevelt had important foreign policies that were crucial to the United States’ welfare. With an attempt to end the Depression, Roosevelt was initially going to send a delegate to take part in the London Conference. However, upon a second look, he decided that international agreements about the value of the dollar might restrict him in domestic recovery. This begins a trend toward increased nationalism and eventually to the United States’ views on isolationism. Though we are unable to tell what might have come out of the conference, it seems like a poor decision for Roosevelt to leave America totally on its own from other countries. Along with this idea of isolationism, through the Tydings-McDuffie Act, the United States freed the Philippines (after 12 years). This act was more beneficial for the United States than the actual freed country because of less foreign competition for sugar, as well as fewer people competing for jobs. Overall, it did help the U.S.; however, it also kind of abandoned the Philippines with not-so-nice economic terms. In contrast to these inward-looking acts, Roosevelt also created the Good Neighbor Policy with Latin America. He focused on consultation and nonintervention in hopes to unite the Western Hemisphere against any powers on the other side of the world. This was a smart move after withdrawing ties from Europe and Asia. It was a good idea that ended up being very successful for him and Roosevelt ended up with the title of â€Å"traveling salesman for peace.† In such fear of war, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts so as not to be brought into the violence like had been done in WWI. However, Roosevelt later changed these Acts to mean that an arms embargo be established for both Loyalists and rebels. As far as Roosevelt’s foreign policies go, this one was really bad. So scared of war, they basically aided in Franco’s taking over of the republican government of Spain. This in turn led to the strengthening of the European dictators, leading to the second world war. For this reason, Roosevelt’s grade goes down. Then, in 1941, neutrality had its meaning changed again. Really, it was thrown out the window with passing of Lend-Lease Act. The reasoning behind it was very understandable. Arm the other fighting democracies with weapons to defend against Hitler, or allow them to fall and have the U.S. face them alone. Knowing the risk, and after many debates, it was finally approved. It also set up the United States for war production when they did fight. However, the Lend-Lease Act ultimately was what brought them into the war once they had to start using armed Destroyer ships to take them to Britain. Roosevelt’s idea was good, however the consequences were bad. Later in the war, Roosevelt met with Churchill and Stalin for the Teheran Conference. Here, the three agreed upon a plan to attack Germany from the East as well as from the West. This was an incredibly important part of Roosevelt’s foreign policy since it was the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany. The Allies were able to recover France from the Nazis and continue their fight with Germany. Though Roosevelt died a month before V-E Day, his position as Commander in Chief for the past twelve years caused the United States and the Allies to defeat Germany. Though nobody is perfect, Roosevelt was able – through all decisions, good and bad – to stop the Nazis and ultimately save Europe. For these reasons, Roosevelt gets an A as Commander in Chief. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was strong in communicating with the public was well as dictating foreign and domestic policy. For this reason, his party grew during his presidency and so he deserves an A as Chief Party Leader. He started the â€Å"FDR Coalition† for his first term to get votes. Throughout his successes in the beginning, he was able to change many Republicans into Democrats, strengthening the Democratic Party for years to come. In addition, he also aided more Democratic candidates in all areas of government into office. With Roosevelt in office, the party grew both in voters as well as representation in Congress and other branches of government. His role as Chief Party Leader was done well and that is why he gets an A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt came into office at first having to deal with the struggles of the Great Depression. He was then later faced with the challenges of World War II, attempting to protect the United States as well as all Democratic countries from Nazi takeover. Anyone faced with these difficult challenges would have their ups and downs. FDR, on balance, was a good president and gets and overall A for his role as a country symbol, legislative leader, manager of the economy, Global leader, Commander in Chief, and Chief Party Leader. Works Cited Bailey, Thomas Andrew, David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print. Hughes, L. P. â€Å"†FDR AS NATIONAL LEADER†Ã¢â‚¬  Austin Community College – Start Here. Get There. 1999. Web. 06 Apr. 2011. . Mintz, S. â€Å"The First 100 Days.† Digital History. 2007. Web. 01 Apr. 2011. . http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=468 (80%) http://www.austincc.edu/lpatrick/his2341/fdr.html (shrink 90%, page 4)